Ureide biosynthesis (WP617)

Oryza sativa

Based on [http://pathway.gramene.org/RICE/NEW-IMAGE?type=PATHWAY&object=URSIN-PWY&detail-level=2&detail-level=3 original gramene pathway]. Nitrogen is frequently the limiting nutrient for growth of many crop plants. Legumes solved this problem by establishing a symbiotic relationship with bacteria from the genus Bradyrhizobium, which contain the enzyme nitrogenase. Nitrogenase catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia, which can be used to meet the plant's metabolic nitrogen requirements. Before the fixed nitrogen can be used by the plant, it must be converted into organic forms that can be transported throughout the plant and further metabolized. There are two major forms of organic nitrogen compounds that can be transported - amides (such as L-asparagine and L-glutamine ) and ureides (such as allantoin and allantoate ). Temperate-region legumes, such as pea, are amide exporters, while legumes of tropical origin, such as soybean, kidney bean, and peanut, export nitrogen in the forms of ureides. Isotope-labeling studies performed with tropical legumes demonstrate that ammonia produced from dinitrogen reduction is rapidly converted into allantoin and allantoate [ Ohyama78 ], and that up to 95% of the nitrogen in the xylem sap in nodulated soybeans is in the form of ureides [ Schubert81 ]. The ammonia generated by the bacteria is first converted into the amino acid L-glutamine and then incorporated into inosine-5'-phosphate (IMP), a purine synthesized de novo during nitrogen fixation by roots (see purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II ).

Authors

Thomas Kelder , Pankaj Jaiswal , Alex Pico , Egon Willighagen , and Marianthi Kalafati

Activity

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Organisms

Oryza sativa

Communities

Annotations

Pathway Ontology

classic metabolic pathway

Participants

Label Type Compact URI Comment
H2O Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002111
NADH Metabolite chebi:16908
Xanthosine Metabolite chebi:18107
Phosphate Metabolite chebi:18367
CO2 Metabolite chebi:16526
H2O Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002111
NADH Metabolite chebi:16908
H2O Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002111
Ribose 1-phosphate Metabolite chebi:16300
H2O2 Metabolite chebi:16240
5-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-ureido-2,5-dihydro-1H imidazole-5-carboxylate Metabolite pubchem.compound:443736
Xanthine Metabolite chebi:17712
5-hydroxyisourate Metabolite chebi:59562
Inosine-5'-phosphate Metabolite chebi:17202
NAD+ Metabolite chebi:15846
H2O Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002111
Urate Metabolite chebi:17775
Allantoin Metabolite chebi:15676
H2O Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002111
xanthosine-5-phosphate Metabolite chebi:15652
NAD+ Metabolite chebi:15846
H2O Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0002111
Phosphate Metabolite chebi:18367
O2 Metabolite chebi:15379
Allantoic acid Metabolite chebi:30837
IMP dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os12g07190
IMP dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os07g42440
Urate oxidase GeneProduct :LOC_Os01g64520
IMP dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os01g73040
IMP dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os03g56800
IMP dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os11g30350
Xanthine dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os03g31550
IMP dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os11g06930
IMP dehydrogenase GeneProduct :LOC_Os01g69900

References

  1. Incorporation of15N into various nitrogenous compounds in intact soybean nodules after exposure to15N2gas. Ohyama T, Kumazawa K. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition [Internet]. 1978 Dec;24(4):525–33. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1978.10433132 DOI Scholia
  2. Enzymes of Purine Biosynthesis and Catabolism in Glycine max: I. COMPARISON OF ACTIVITIES WITH N(2) FIXATION AND COMPOSITION OF XYLEM EXUDATE DURING NODULE DEVELOPMENT. Schubert KR. Plant Physiol. 1981 Nov;68(5):1115–22. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia