Cholesterol metabolism (WP5304)

Homo sapiens

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This pathway includes the following processes regarding cholesterol metabolism: I) Absorption of cholesterol in the enterocyte, II) Forming of chylomicrons and other lipid droplets, III) Distinction between Bloch and Kandutsch-Russell cholesterol biosynthesis, IV) Absorption of cholesterol in the hepatocyte and V) Transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE).

Authors

Tom Pauly , Susan Coort , and Egon Willighagen

Activity

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Cited In

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Organisms

Homo sapiens

Communities

Annotations

Pathway Ontology

cholesterol transport pathway cholesterol metabolic pathway cholesterol biosynthetic pathway

Participants
Query Drugst.One

Label Type Compact URI Comment
27-Hydroxycholesterol Metabolite chebi:17703
Bile acid Metabolite chebi:22868
7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol Metabolite chebi:17500
zymosterol Metabolite chebi:18252
lanosterol Metabolite chebi:16521
desmosterol Metabolite chebi:17737
Esterase Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0302632
Zymostenol Metabolite chebi:16608
Phospholipase Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0302979
24,25-dihydrolanosterol Metabolite chebi:28113
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
fatty acids Metabolite chebi:35366
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
diacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:18035
monoacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17408
DGL Metabolite chebi:15966
lysophospholipids Metabolite chebi:16961
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
fatty acids Metabolite chebi:35366
lysophospholipids Metabolite chebi:16961
monoacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17408
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
fatty acids Metabolite chebi:35366
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
phospholipids Metabolite chebi:16247
fatty acids Metabolite chebi:35366
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
fatty acids Metabolite chebi:35366
fatty acids Metabolite chebi:35366
triacylglycerols Metabolite chebi:17855
cholesterol esters Metabolite chebi:17002
fatty acids Metabolite chebi:35366
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene Metabolite chebi:15441
Mevalonic acid Metabolite cas:150-97-0
farnesyl pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:13058-04-3
Lathosterol Metabolite cas:80-99-9
Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:1492-08-6
7-Dehydrocholesterol Metabolite cas:434-16-2
isopentenyl pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:358-71-4
HMG-CoA Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001375
Geranyl-PP Metabolite cas:6699-20-3
Cholesterol Metabolite cas:57-88-5
Mevalonic acid-5P Metabolite cas:73566-35-5
Squalene Metabolite cas:111-02-4
Acetyl-CoA Metabolite cas:72-89-9
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:358-72-5
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
Acetyl-CoA Metabolite cas:72-89-9
HMG-CoA Metabolite hmdb:HMDB0001375
Mevalonic acid Metabolite cas:150-97-0
Mevalonic acid 5-pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:1492-08-6
Mevalonic acid-5P Metabolite cas:73566-35-5
isopentenyl pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:358-71-4
Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:358-72-5
Geranyl-PP Metabolite cas:6699-20-3
lanosterol Metabolite chebi:16521
(S)-2,3-Epoxysqualene Metabolite chebi:15441
farnesyl pyrophosphate Metabolite cas:13058-04-3
Squalene Metabolite cas:111-02-4
zymosterol Metabolite chebi:18252
desmosterol Metabolite chebi:17737
Zymostenol Metabolite chebi:16608
24,25-dihydrolanosterol Metabolite chebi:28113
Lathosterol Metabolite cas:80-99-9
7-Dehydrocholesterol Metabolite cas:434-16-2
Cholesterol Metabolite cas:57-88-5
cholesterol Metabolite chebi:16113
LCAT GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000213398
ABCG5 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000138075
SOAT1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000057252
STAR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000147465
SLC27A4 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000167114
MTTP GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000138823
LRP1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000123384
APOH GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000091583
NPC2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000119655
APOA4 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000110244
SORT1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000134243
LDLR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130164
APOC2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000234906
APOC3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000110245
ANGPTL8 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130173
APOC1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130208
LBR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000143815
LRP1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000123384
CYP51A1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000001630
ABCA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000165029
LCAT GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000213398
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
PLTP GeneProduct ncbigene:5360
LPL GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000175445
APOA2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000158874
SORT1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000134243
APOB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000084674
APOC1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130208
CETP GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000087237
CYP7A1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000167910
LRPAP1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000163956
CIDEB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000136305
LDLR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130164
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
LPL GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000175445
TSPO GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000100300
PCSK9 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000169174
DGAT1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000185000
APOA4 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000110244
VAPA GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000101558
MGAT1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000131446
OSBPL5 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000021762
HSD17B7 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000132196
SORT1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000134243
APOB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000084674
LIPG GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000101670
NPC1 GeneProduct hgnc.symbol:NPC1
LPA GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000198670
STARD3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000131748
PCSK9 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000169174
ANGPTL3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000132855
APOC2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000234906
LDLRAP1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000157978
EBP GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000147155
LDLR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130164
PCSK9 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000169174
LDLR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130164
CD36 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000135218
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
SCARB1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000073060
TM7SF2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000149809
ABCA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000165029
VDAC1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000213585
MYLIP GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000007944
CYP27A1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000135929
LIPC GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000166035
ABCB11 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000073734
LIPA GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000107798
ABCG8 GeneProduct ncbigene:64241
ABCG5 GeneProduct ncbigene:64240
NPC1L1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000015520
CD36 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000135218
ACAT2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000120437
APOB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000084674
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
ABCA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000165029
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
APOA2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000158874
APOC2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000234906
APOC3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000110245
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
APOA2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000158874
APOC2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000234906
APOC3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000110245
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
APOA1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000118137
STARD3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000131748
APOB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000084674
APOC2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000234906
APOC3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000110245
APOB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000084674
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
VDAC1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000213585
APOB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000084674
SORT1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000134243
APOC2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000234906
APOC3 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000110245
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
APOE GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130203
APOB GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000084674
LDLR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130164
SAR1B GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000152700
NSDHL GeneProduct ncbigene:50814 NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like
FDPS GeneProduct ncbigene:2224
HMGCS1 GeneProduct ncbigene:3157
SC4MOL GeneProduct ncbigene:6307
SQLE GeneProduct ncbigene:6713
IDI1 GeneProduct ncbigene:3422
MVD GeneProduct ncbigene:4597
HMGCR GeneProduct ncbigene:3156
DHCR7 GeneProduct ncbigene:1717
PMVK GeneProduct ncbigene:10654
SC5DL GeneProduct ncbigene:6309
FDFT1 GeneProduct ncbigene:2222
LSS GeneProduct ncbigene:4047
MVK GeneProduct ncbigene:4598
FDPS GeneProduct ncbigene:2224
EBP GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000147155
DHCR7 GeneProduct ncbigene:1717
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
SC5DL GeneProduct ncbigene:6309
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
HSD17B7 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000132196
NSDHL GeneProduct ncbigene:50814 NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like
SC4MOL GeneProduct ncbigene:6307
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
LBR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000143815
TM7SF2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000149809
CYP51A1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000001630
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
HMGCS1 GeneProduct ncbigene:3157
HMGCR GeneProduct ncbigene:3156
MVD GeneProduct ncbigene:4597
PMVK GeneProduct ncbigene:10654
MVK GeneProduct ncbigene:4598
IDI1 GeneProduct ncbigene:3422
FDPS GeneProduct ncbigene:2224
SQLE GeneProduct ncbigene:6713
FDFT1 GeneProduct ncbigene:2222
LSS GeneProduct ncbigene:4047
FDPS GeneProduct ncbigene:2224
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
EBP GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000147155
DHCR7 GeneProduct ncbigene:1717
SC5DL GeneProduct ncbigene:6309
EBP GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000147155
DHCR7 GeneProduct ncbigene:1717
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
SC5DL GeneProduct ncbigene:6309
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
CYP51A1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000001630
CYP51A1 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000001630
HSD17B7 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000132196
NSDHL GeneProduct ncbigene:50814 NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like
SC4MOL GeneProduct ncbigene:6307
HSD17B7 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000132196
NSDHL GeneProduct ncbigene:50814 NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like
SC4MOL GeneProduct ncbigene:6307
DHCR24 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000116133
LBR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000143815
TM7SF2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000149809
LBR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000143815
TM7SF2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000149809
LDLR GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000130164
FABP2 GeneProduct ensembl:ENSG00000145384
Triacylglycerol lipase Protein uniprot:A0A087WX88
Apolipoprotein B-100 Protein uniprot:A8MUN2
Apolipoprotein B-100 Protein uniprot:A8MUN2
Apolipoprotein B-100 Protein uniprot:A8MUN2
Apolipoprotein B-100 Protein uniprot:A8MUN2
Apolipoprotein B-100 Protein uniprot:A8MUN2
Apolipoprotein B-100 Protein uniprot:A8MUN2

References

  1. Cholesterol esterase activity of human intestinal mucosa. Ponz de Leon M, Carubbi F, Di Donato P, Carulli N. Dig Dis Sci. 1985 Nov;30(11):1053–64. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  2. Phospholipases: structural and functional motifs for working at an interface. Roberts MF. FASEB J. 1996 Aug;10(10):1159–72. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  3. Malformation syndromes due to inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis. Porter FD. J Clin Invest. 2002 Sep;110(6):715–24. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  4. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase--from biochemistry to role in cardiovascular disease. Rousset X, Vaisman B, Amar M, Sethi AA, Remaley AT. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2009 Apr;16(2):163–71. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  5. Flux analysis of cholesterol biosynthesis in vivo reveals multiple tissue and cell-type specific pathways. Mitsche MA, McDonald JG, Hobbs HH, Cohen JC. Elife. 2015 Jun 26;4:e07999. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  6. Mechanisms by Which LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1) Maintains Arterial Integrity. Gonias SL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2018 Nov;38(11):2548–9. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  7. The TICE Pathway: Mechanisms and Lipid-Lowering Therapies. Grefhorst A, Verkade HJ, Groen AK. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2019;15(1):70–6. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  8. Rare dyslipidaemias, from phenotype to genotype to management: a European Atherosclerosis Society task force consensus statement. Hegele RA, Borén J, Ginsberg HN, Arca M, Averna M, Binder CJ, et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Jan;8(1):50–67. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  9. Regulation of intestinal lipid metabolism: current concepts and relevance to disease. Ko CW, Qu J, Black DD, Tso P. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Mar;17(3):169–83. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  10. Cholesterol metabolism in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Huang B, Song BL, Xu C. Nat Metab. 2020 Feb;2(2):132–41. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
  11. Addressing dyslipidemic risk beyond LDL-cholesterol. Tall AR, Thomas DG, Gonzalez-Cabodevilla AG, Goldberg IJ. J Clin Invest. 2022 Jan 4;132(1):e148559. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia