Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by SARS-CoV-2 (WP4876)
Homo sapiens
Orf3a from SARS-CoV has been shown to bind TRAF3 and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. The activation occurs at two points. First, by ubiquinating NF-kB (p105) to stimulate its proteolytic processing into mature NF-kB (p50), which can then go on to promote the transcription of pro-IL-1B together with RELA (p65). And second, by ubiquitinating ASC (PYCARD) in the NLRP3 inflammasome, which leads to its degradtion and the activation of caspase-1 (CASP1) that goes on to catalyze the production of mature IL-1B, leading to a cytokine storm. While Orf3a of SARS-CoV-2 only has 72.7% sequence identity with that of SARS-CoV, the TRAF3 binding motif PxQxS is 100% conserved (https://alexanderpico.github.io/SARS-CoV-2_Alignments/#Orf3a). Chloroquine, a multi-functional antiviral, decreases the production of IL-1B by affecting "the processing of primary transcripts in the nucleus, the transport of processed mRNA to the cytosol, and the degradation of mRNA." (Jang 2006)
Authors
Alex Pico , Egon Willighagen , Marvin Martens , Eric Weitz , Martina Summer-Kutmon , and Nhung PhamActivity
Discuss this pathway
Check for ongoing discussions or start your own.
Cited In
Are you planning to include this pathway in your next publication? See How to Cite and add a link here to your paper once it's online.
Organisms
Homo sapiensCommunities
COVID-19Annotations
Disease Ontology
severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 viral infectious diseasePathway Ontology
regulatory pathway interleukin-1 signaling pathwayLabel | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
Chloroquine | Metabolite | wikidata:Q422438 | |
TRAF3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000131323 | |
NLRP3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000162711 | |
RELA | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000173039 | |
NFKB1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000109320 | |
NFKB1 p105 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000109320 | |
IL1B | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000125538 | |
pro-IL1B | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000125538 | |
ASC | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000103490 | |
CASP1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000137752 | |
pro-CASP1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000137752 | |
orf3a | Protein | refseq:YP_009724391 |
References
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF3a protein activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting TRAF3-dependent ubiquitination of ASC. Siu KL, Yuen KS, Castaño-Rodriguez C, Ye ZW, Yeung ML, Fung SY, et al. FASEB J. 2019 Aug;33(8):8865–77. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia