Acetates produced by gut microbes stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system which causes in an increase in the release of the gastrin hormone which triggers insulin release from beta-cells. Prolonged exposure to high acetate levels promote a state of metabolic syndrome.d13B cellCL:0000236Cell Ontologyacquired metabolic diseaseDOID:0060158Human Disease Ontologydisease pathwayPW:0000013Pathway Ontologyparasympathetic neuronCL:0011102Cell Ontology27279214PubMedAcetate mediates a microbiome-brain-β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome.Nature2016Perry RJPeng LBarry NACline GWZhang DCardone RLPetersen KFKibbey RGGoodman ALShulman GI