Neuroinflammation (WP4919)
Homo sapiens
Neuroinflammation is inflammation specific to parts of the central nervous system. It can be triggered by external or internal factors, such as UV damage, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Stress on the cell leads to activation of inflammatory response pathways that involve several transcription factors such as AP-1 and NFkB, which will lead to the transcription of several proteins and/or cytokines.
Authors
Anna Baya Meuleman , Marvin Martens , and Egon WillighagenActivity
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Organisms
Homo sapiensCommunities
Annotations
Pathway Ontology
stress response pathway regulatory pathway pertinent to the brain| Label | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calmodulin | Metabolite | chebi:3324 | |
| L-arginine | Metabolite | chebi:16467 | |
| NADPH | Metabolite | chebi:16474 | |
| Nitrate | Metabolite | chebi:48107 | |
| Ca2+ | Metabolite | chebi:29108 | |
| Nitrite | Metabolite | chebi:16301 | |
| NO | Metabolite | chebi:16480 | |
| O2 | Metabolite | chebi:15379 | |
| L-citrulline | Metabolite | chebi:57743 | |
| NADP+ | Metabolite | chebi:18009 | |
| H2O | Metabolite | chebi:15377 | |
| NADPH | Metabolite | chebi:16474 | |
| NADP+ | Metabolite | chebi:18009 | |
| O2 | Metabolite | chebi:15379 | |
| JNK | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000107643 | |
| COX2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000198712 | |
| IL-1B | GeneProduct | homologene:481 | |
| p50 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000138303 | |
| p65 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000173039 | |
| COX1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000198804 | |
| Nitrate reductase | GeneProduct | brenda:1.7.99.4 | |
| JUN | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000177606 | |
| FOS | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000170345 | |
| AKT | GeneProduct | hgnc:391 | |
| IKKα | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000213341 | |
| MAPK14 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000112062 | |
| PI3K | GeneProduct | interpro:IPR000403 | |
| iNOS | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000007171 | |
| TNF-α | GeneProduct | homologene:496 | |
| MTOR | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000198793 | |
| IκBα | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000100906 | |
| TLR4 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000136869 | |
| JUN | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000177606 | |
| p50 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000138303 | |
| p65 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000173039 | |
| p50 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000138303 | |
| p65 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000173039 | |
| IκBα | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000100906 | |
| IκBα | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000100906 | |
| p50 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000138303 | |
| p65 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000173039 | |
| p50 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000138303 | |
| p65 | GeneProduct | ensembl:ENSG00000173039 |
References
- Inhibition of neuronal p38α, but not p38β MAPK, provides neuroprotection against three different neurotoxic insults. Xing B, Bachstetter AD, Van Eldik LJ. J Mol Neurosci. 2015 Feb;55(2):509–18. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Neuroinflammation pathways: a general review. Shabab T, Khanabdali R, Moghadamtousi SZ, Kadir HA, Mohan G. Int J Neurosci. 2017 Jul;127(7):624–33. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun SC. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2:17023. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia