Cytokinin signaling (WP2944)
Arabidopsis thaliana
Cytokinin signaling pathway starts from receiving of the ligand (cytokinin) by the cytokinin receptors (a dimer), followed by a phosphate relay by acceptor and donor domains of the receptors and then the histidine phosphotransmitters (HPs). HPs activate the type-A and type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) to initiate the downstream events in cytokinin mediated response. Caesar et al (2011) show receptor location in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, though all the classical models show them on plasma membrane. Paralogs from the A. thaliana genome for AHKs, AHPs, Type-A and Type-B ARRs were added as group members (not as members of complex) on the pathway diagram.
Authors
Pankaj Jaiswal , Susan Coort , Egon Willighagen , Martina Summer-Kutmon , and Finterly HuActivity
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Organisms
Arabidopsis thalianaCommunities
Annotations
Pathway Ontology
hormone signaling pathway| Label | Type | Compact URI | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokinin | Metabolite | chebi:23530 | |
| His(H) | Metabolite | chebi:15971 | |
| His(H) | Metabolite | chebi:15971 | |
| Asp(D) | Metabolite | chebi:17053 | |
| Asp(D) | Metabolite | chebi:17053 | |
| AHK2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT5G35750 | Histidine Kinase 2 |
| AHK1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT2G17820 | Histidine Kinase 1 |
| AHK3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT1G27320 | Histidine Kinase 3 |
| AHK4 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT2G01830 | Histidine Kinase 4 |
| AHK5 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT5G10720 | Histidine Kinase 5 |
| AHP6 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT1G80100 | histidine phosphotransfer protein 6 |
| AHP3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT5G39340 | histidine phosphotransfer protein 3 |
| AHP2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT3G29350 | histidine phosphotransfer protein 2 |
| AHP4 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT3G16360 | histidine phosphotransfer protein 4 |
| AHP5 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT1G03430 | histidine phosphotransfer protein 5 |
| AHP1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT3G21510 | histidine phosphotransfer protein 1 |
| AHP-Like | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT4G04402 | histidine phosphotransfer protein like |
| ARR3 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At1g59940 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 3 |
| ARR4 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At1g10470 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 4 |
| ARR5 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At3g48100 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 3 |
| ARR6 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At5g62920 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 6 |
| ARR8 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At2g41310 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 8 |
| ARR15 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT1G74890 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 15 |
| ARR16 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT2G40670 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 16 |
| ARR9 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At3g57040 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 9 |
| ARR7 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT1G19050 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 7 |
| ARR17 | GeneProduct | ensembl:AT3G56380 | Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 17 |
| ARR1 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At3g16857 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 1 |
| ARR2 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At4g16110 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 2 |
| ARR10 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At4g31920 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 10 |
| ARR11 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At1g67710 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 11 |
| ARR13 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At2g27070 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 13 |
| ARR18 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At5g58080 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 18 |
| ARR19 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At1g49190 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 19 |
| ARR14 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At2g01760 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 14 |
| ARR12 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At2g25180 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 12 |
| ARR20 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At3g62670 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 20 |
| ARR21 | GeneProduct | ensembl:At5g07210 | Type-B Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulator 21 |
References
- A transmembrane hybrid-type histidine kinase in Arabidopsis functions as an osmosensor. Urao T, Yakubov B, Satoh R, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Seki M, Hirayama T, et al. Plant Cell. 1999 Sep;11(9):1743–54. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Plant histidine kinases: an emerging picture of two-component signal transduction in hormone and environmental responses. Urao T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Sci STKE. 2001 Nov 20;2001(109):re18. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- ATHK1 gene regulates signal transduction of osmotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Hao GP, Wu ZY, Chen MS, Cao MQ, Pelletier G, Huang CL, et al. Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao. 2004 Oct;30(5):553–60. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Genome-wide expression profiling of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 7(ARR7) overexpression in cytokinin response. Lee DJ, Park JY, Ku SJ, Ha YM, Kim S, Kim MD, et al. Mol Genet Genomics. 2007 Feb;277(2):115–37. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Functional analysis of AHK1/ATHK1 and cytokinin receptor histidine kinases in response to abscisic acid, drought, and salt stress in Arabidopsis. Tran LSP, Urao T, Qin F, Maruyama K, Kakimoto T, Shinozaki K, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 18;104(51):20623–8. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Analysis of the Arabidopsis histidine kinase ATHK1 reveals a connection between vegetative osmotic stress sensing and seed maturation. Wohlbach DJ, Quirino BF, Sussman MR. Plant Cell. 2008 Apr;20(4):1101–17. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Evidence for the localization of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptors AHK3 and AHK4 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Caesar K, Thamm AMK, Witthöft J, Elgass K, Huppenberger P, Grefen C, et al. J Exp Bot. 2011 Nov;62(15):5571–80. PubMed Europe PMC Scholia