GABA metabolism (aka GHB) (Homo sapiens)
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Description
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter and a psychoactive drug. This compound is a precursor to GABA, glutamate, and glycine in certain brain areas, acts on the GHB receptor and is a weak agonist at the GABAB receptor.
GHB has been used in a medical setting as a general anesthetic and as a treatment for cataplexy, narcolepsy, and alcoholism. It is also used illegally as an intoxicant, to try to increase athletic performance, and as a date rape drug. GHB is also produced as a result of fermentation, and is found in small quantities in some beers and wines, beef and small citrus fruits. Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is a disease that causes GHB to accumulate in the blood.
Part of this pathway was inspired by Chapter 5 of the book of Blau (ISBN 3642403360 (978-3642403361)), Fig. 5.3.
Quality Tags
Ontology Terms
Bibliography
- Struys EA, Verhoeven NM, Jansen EE, Ten Brink HJ, Gupta M, Burlingame TG, Quang LS, Maher T, Rinaldo P, Snead OC, Goodwin AK, Weerts EM, Brown PR, Murphy TC, Picklo MJ, Jakobs C, Gibson KM; ''Metabolism of gamma-hydroxybutyrate to d-2-hydroxyglutarate in mammals: further evidence for d-2-hydroxyglutarate transhydrogenase.''; Metabolism, 2006 PubMed Europe PMC Scholia
- Nenad Blau, Carlo Dionisi Vici, K Michael Gibson, Marinus Duran; ''Physician's Guide to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Inherited Metabolic Diseases''; Springer (ISBN-13: 978-3642403361), 2014
History
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External references
DataNodes
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Name | Type | Database reference | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
d-2-hydroxyglutarate transhydrogenase | Protein | 1.1.99.24 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ![]() | |
1,4-butanediol | Metabolite | Q161521 (Wikidata) ![]() | |
2-ketoglutarate | Metabolite | ||
2-oxo-4-hydroxybutanoic | Metabolite | ||
3,4-dihydrobutyric acid | Metabolite | 150929 (PubChem-compound) ![]() | |
3-hydroxypropionic | Metabolite | ||
3-oxo-4-hydroxybutanoic | Metabolite | ||
3-oxo-4-hydroxybutyric acid | Metabolite | 19793911 (PubChem-compound) ![]() | |
4,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid | Metabolite | Q27161948 (Wikidata) ![]() | |
4-hydroxybutaldehyde | Metabolite | 93093 (PubChem-compound) ![]() | a.k.a. gamma-Hydroxybutyraldehyde |
4-hydroxybutyric acid | Metabolite | ||
ADH | Protein | Q410754 (Wikidata) ![]() | alcohol dehydrogenase |
ALDH | Protein | 1.2.1.3 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ![]() |
|
D-2-hydroxyglutarate | Metabolite | ||
GABA transaminase | Protein | Q21118182 (Wikidata) ![]() | |
GABAT | Protein | GABA transaminase | |
GHB dehydrogenase | Protein | 1.1.1.61 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ![]() | |
SSA reductase | Protein | Q21097418 (Wikidata) ![]() | |
Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 (a) | Protein | 3.1.8.1 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ![]() | |
Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 (b) | Protein | 3.1.1.81 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ![]() | |
Serum paraoxonase/lactonase 3 (c) | Protein | 3.1.1.2 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ![]() | |
TCA cycle | Pathway | WP78 (WikiPathways) ![]() | aka Krebs Cycle |
beta-alanine | Metabolite | ||
fatty acid beta-oxidation spiral | Pathway | WP143 (WikiPathways) ![]() | |
gamma-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) | Metabolite | Q210021 (Wikidata) ![]() | a.k.a. gamma-Aminobutyric acid |
gamma-butyrolactone | Metabolite | Q79739 (Wikidata) ![]() | |
gamma-hydroxybutanoic acid (GHB) | Metabolite | Q207920 (Wikidata) ![]() | a.k.a. gamma-hydroxybutanoic acid |
glutamic acid | Metabolite | ||
glutamine | Metabolite | ||
glycolic acid | Metabolite | Q409373 (Wikidata) ![]() | |
lactamase | Protein | 3.5.2.6 (Enzyme Nomenclature) ![]() | |
malonic semialdehyde | Metabolite | ||
succinic acid | Metabolite | Q213050 (Wikidata) ![]() | aka succinate |
succinic semialdehyde | Metabolite | Q4602542 (Wikidata) ![]() | |
uracil | Metabolite |
Annotated Interactions
No annotated interactions