5331, 4, 7, 9-11, 13...141, 4, 7, 9-11, 13...1, 4, 7, 9-11, 13...121, 4, 7, 9-11, 13...1, 4, 7, 9-11, 13...551, 4, 7, 9-11, 13...12531, 4, 7, 9-11, 13...2, 6, 8, 13, 15Cell-cyclearrestG2/M transitionUCN-017-hydroxystaurosporineBlocked transcriptionG2/M checkpoint arrestBulky DNA lesionSenescenceDNA adductApoptosisSpecialized:Somatic hypermutaionV(D)J recombinationClass switchingCell-cycle progressionEndogenous:Collapsed replication forksSingle stranded DNA replication breaksFree radicals (ROS)ROSDNA repair and damage preventionChromatin alterationExogenous:Cigarette SmokeCaffeineRadiation (UV)ClastogenesHypoxiaGenotoxic drugsG1/S transitionCell survivalReplication stressROSDNA repairAlkylating agentsBlocked replicationDouble-strand breaksH2AFXPMLDDB2HUS1RB1PIDDMRE11BRCA1CASP3CDC25ACDKN1BCHEK2CREBCDKN1ABIDSFNCCNE1TP53AIP1SMC1ACCNB3RAD51E2F1RAD9ACCND3RPA2GADD45BPRKDCGADD45GBAXRAD52E2F1TNFRSF10BCCNB2c-MycGADD45GFASRFCCytCCDK6CASP8BBC3TLK1CCND2GADD45BEstradiolRAD1CHEK1NBNAPAF1PMAIP1CCND1FANCD2ATRATRIPTLK2CaffeineCDC25CSESN1GADD45ACDK4RRM2BCCNB1ATMCASP9CDC2GADD45AABL1CCNE2RAD17RB1RAD50CDK5TP53CDK2