55551, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15...1, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15...51334973, 43, 41, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15...93, 45531, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15...551, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15...591, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15...7531351, 6, 8, 10, 11, 15...2, 10, 12, 14, 183, 453, 477DNA repair and damage preventionCaption:Alkylating agentsSenescenceChromatinremodellingCell survivalReplication stressDNA damage sourceBlocked transcriptionCellCell-cycleDouble-strand breaksApoptosisExogenous:Cigarette SmokeCaffeineRadiation (UV)ClastogenesHypoxiaGenotoxic drugsEndogenous:Collapsed replication forksSingle stranded DNA replication breaksFree radicals (ROS)Blocked replicationActivationExtra cellularspaceROSDNA repairDifferent pathwayMetaboliteInhibitionDNA adductG1/S transitionChromatin alterationCell membraneSpecialized:Somatic hypermutaionV(D)J recombinationClass switchingG2/M checkpointCell-cycle progressionBulky DNA lesionG2–MCheckpointDNA damage ATM dependentROSChange in the Cell conditionGene productG2/M transitionRB1TP53CCND1E2F1E2F1BIDGADD45BSESN1PRKDCCDC25CTNFRSF10BGADD45BCDK6BRCA1CREBCDK5RAD17SFNRRM2BPMLCDK4BAXRB1c-MycCDKN1BRFCCCNB2TP53AIP1CHEK2CDC2H2AFXPIDDCHEK1EstradiolGADD45ACCND2PMAIP1RAD9ACDK2GADD45GRAD52FANCD2CCNB3ATRCCNB1TLK1MRE11APAF1ABL1RAD50CASP8TLK2DDB2CCND3CDC25AGADD45GHUS1GADD45ABBC3CASP3CaffeineSMC1A7-hydroxystaurosporineRAD1CCNE2CASP9ATMFASRPA2ATRIPRAD51CCNE1CYCSCDKN1ANBN