Cellular ProcessApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane blebbing characterize apoptosis in general. Mitochondria remain morphologically unchanged. In 1972 Kerr et al introduced the concept of apoptosis as a distinct form of "cell-death", and the mechanisms of various apoptotic pathways are still being revealed today. c76c9a10618704PubMedRegulation of p53 in response to DNA damage.Oncogene1999Lakin NDJackson SP17914240PubMedThe p53-MDM2 network: from oscillations to apoptosis.J Biosci2007Bose IGhosh B